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Le Donne Nelle Forze Armate Sovietiche


Visitatore Kashin

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Visitatore Kashin

Donne Militari

 

Il ruolo delle donne nelle forze armate sovietiche fu molto minore. Nonostante i sovietici sventolassero l'uguaglianza delle donne, loro furono considerati dei militari inquadrati in una forza supplementare per liberare gli uomini da mandare in prima linea se loro fossero stati chiamati al fronte . Il numero di donne militari nel tempo non fu mai superiore alle 10,000 unita'.

 

Restrizioni ed Obbligazioni di Servizio

Secondo le leggi sovietiche del tempo, le donne di età comprese tra i 19 a 40 anni che avessero avuto addestramento specifico da medico, poteva essere essere inglobato nelle Forze Armate sovietiche.C’era la possibilita’ di entrare anche come volontarie . Durante la guerra, le donne potevano essere utilizzate per servizi come ausiliare o speciale(??) non vi fu’ pero mai un arruolamento in gran numero .

 

Le donne in quel periodo venivano arruolate per 2 anni. Loro non subivano l'addestramento rigido e il modo di vivere severo e inquadrati in reggimenti che invece ricevevano i quadri maschili . Non soggette alla disciplina militare severa. Alle e donne era proibito anche l’impiego in prima linea ed in combattimento, anche se eccezioni sono state fatte con piloti (M. Popovich e S. Savitskaya) e Cosmonauti (Colonnello-ingegnere Valentina Tereshkova-Nikolayeva è uno eccezione).

 

Promozioni ed Avanzamento

Anche se donne potevano raggiungere teoricamente i gradi e i compiti maschili , per lo più pero’ era difficile trovare alti gradi tra i reparti femminili e non avevano molta opportunità per l’avanzamento. Questo era perché loro non ricevettero spesso missioni e incarichi di una certa rilevanza e gli venivano impedito frequentare le accademie da ufficiali e scuole per ottenere la laurea . Per questa ragione la maggior parte delle donne di quel periodo erano nelle fila inferiori . Quelle donne che avessero scelto di estendere la carriera militare ricevevano tutti i diritti e i benefici del personale di carriera, anche se le loro opportunità di promozione erano più rare.

 

P.S. Ma l'Unione Sovietica non era Comunsta ?? Mha !!!!

 

Bibliografia

 

Opuscolo AF 200-21 soviet Aerospace "il Manuale", Reparto dell'Aeronautica militare, maggio 1978 Scritto e redatto da M.O. Norby

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Visitatore Max "Quarnaro"

Ti dirò....magari non erano proprio alla pari però le "suonavano" alla grande, e forse più degli uomini......vedi le famose "streghe della notte" e tutte le varie plurimedagliate pilotesse che hanno "segato le ali" a più di qualche biondino teutonico!!!! Le donne hanno combattuto anche in prima linea con i Pe-2, squadriglie interamente femminili.

Modificato da Max "Quarnaro"
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Ti dirò....magari non erano proprio alla pari però le "suonavano" alla grande, e forse più degli uomini......vedi le famose "streghe della notte" e tutte le varie plurimedagliate pilotesse che hanno "segato le ali" a più di qualche biondino teutonico!!!! Le donne hanno combattuto anche in prima linea con i Pe-2, squadriglie interamente femminili.

No di certo ad un tale (biondino), chiamato Erich "Bubi" Hartmann... :s20:

Non per essere maschilisti.. :s03:

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da Wilkipedia la biografia di Lydia Litvyak, aviatrice asso della caccia durante la "Grande guerra patriottica"

 

Lydia Vladimirovna Litvyak, (Лидия Владимировна Литвяк, August 18, 1921 – August 1, 1943), also known as Lydia Litvak or Lily Litvak, was a female fighter pilot in the Soviet Air Force during Second World War. With 12 victories, she is one of the world's only two female fighter aces, along with Katya Budanova.

 

 

Biography

Born in Moscow, she was keen on aviation from her youth. At 14 she entered an aeroclub, and at 15 flew an aircraft for the first time. In the late 1930s she received her flight instructor licence.

 

After the German attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941, she tried to voluntarily join a military aviation unit, but was turned down for lack of experience. After deliberately exaggerating her pre-war flight time by 100 hours of flight, she joined the all-female 586th Fighter Regiment (586 IAP), which was formed by Marina Raskova. She trained there on the Yakovlev Yak-1 aircraft.

 

She flew her first combat flights in the summer of 1942 over Saratov. In September, she was assigned, along with other women (including Katya Budanova), to the 437th IAP, fighting over Stalingrad. She flew a Lavochkin La-5 fighter, and on September 13, 1942 she shot down her first aircraft  a Junkers Ju 88 bomber, and a fighter plane. In the following months she shot down several further aircraft.

 

In late 1942 she was moved to the 9th Guards Fighter Regiment (9 GIAP), and in January 1943 to the 296th IAP, renamed later into the 73rd Guards Fighter Regiment. On February 23, she was awarded with a Red Star order. Two times she was forced to land due to battle damage, and she was also twice injured (on March 22 and July 16, 1943). In early 1943 she was made a 2nd Lieutenant. At the beginning of 1943 she married fighter ace Aleksey Solomatin, flying in 73rd GIAP, who was killed when crash-landing his plane damaged in action on May 21, 1943. Lydia became a famous press hero, but she also was physically and mentally worn out.

 

On August 1, 1943, Lydia's Yak-1b fighter was shot down during combat, and she went missing. She was 21 years old at that time. The authorities suspected that she might have been captured, therefore they decided not to award her the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Only in 1979 was it determined that her aircraft had come down near Dmitrovka, a village in Shakhterski district and she had been killed in action. After further verification, on May 6, 1990, USSR President Mikhail Gorbachev posthumously awarded her "Hero of the Soviet Union" and promoted her to a full lieutenant. It's unclear if reported circumstances of her death are accurate

 

There are conflicting claims about Litvyak's victory score in different publications, with no official records. Most often 11 individual kills and 3 team kills are quoted, but also 8 individual and 4 team, or other numbers. She also shot down an observation balloon on May 31, 1943. She was awarded with the Order of the Red Banner, Order of the Red Star, and Order of the Patriotic War (twice).

 

She was also known as the White Rose of Stalingrad (in other sources as White Lily of Stalingrad, white lily may also be translated from Russian as Madonna lily). A play about her, White Rose, was performed once in the Belgrade Studio Theatre in Coventry.

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e dalla stessa fonte, la biografia dell'altro asso del gentil sesso, Katya Budanova

 

 

Yekaterina Vasylievna Budanova, also known as Katya Budanova (Екатерина Васильевна Буданова), (b. December 7, 1916 - d. July 19, 1943), was a female fighter pilot in the Soviet Air Force during the Second World War. With 11 victories, she was one of the world's two female fighter aces along with Lydia Litvyak.

 

She was born into a peasant family in Konoplanka village in Smolensk Oblast. Working in an aircraft factory in Moscow, she became interested in aviation and entered an aeroclub where she received her pilot training. She served as a flight instructor since 1937. She also took part in several air parades, flying the single-seater UT-1.

 

After the German attack on the USSR in June 1941, she enlisted in military aviation. She was assigned to the 586th Fighter Regiment (586 IAP), formed by Marina Raskova. This unit consisted entirely of female pilots. She flew her first combat missions in April 1942 over Saratov. In September she was assigned, along with other women (among others, Lydia Litvyak), to the 437th IAP engaged in the fighting over Stalingrad. She soon became known for her aggressive attacking and high piloting skill. She flew Yak-1 fighters. On October 6 she attacked 13 Junkers Ju 88 bombers by herself, shooting down her first aircraft. In November she shot down two Bf 109 fighters and a Ju 88. In the following months she shot down several more aircraft. In January 1943 she, along with her friend Lydia Litvyak, was moved to the 73rd Guards Fighter Regiment of the 8th Air Army. She soon was given the right of "solo hunting". On February 23, she was awarded with an Order of the Red Star.

 

On July 19, 1943, during a solo combat with three Bf 109, she shot down one but was shot down herself and killed near Antracit town in Luhansk Oblast.

 

There are different data as for Katya Budanova's victory score in different publications, with no official data. The most common quote is 11 kills (6 individual and 5 team kills). She was awarded with the Order of the Red Star and Order of the Patriotic War (twice). Although it was proposed, she was not awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the war. On October 1, 1993, she was posthumously awarded with a Hero of the Russian Federation title.

 

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katya_Budanova"

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Comunque anche la Luftwaffe durante la seconda guerra mondiale ha avuto un'aviatrice, Hanna Reitsch, sebbene fosse un pilota collaudatore e non operativo.. comunque fu il primo aviatore tedesco a pilotare con successo la V1

 

 

Hanna Reitsch (March 29, 1912 – August 24, 1979) was a famous German test pilot.

 

Reitsch was born in Hirschberg, Silesia. She was the daughter of an ophthalmologist and was in training to become a medical doctor in 1932 when she left that field to pursue a career as a test pilot. In the 1930s she became famous, setting many glider, aerobatic and endurance records, being the first woman to cross the Alps in a glider. Several of her gliding records stand to this day.

 

In 1937, Reitsch was posted to the Luftwaffe testing center at Rechlin by Ernst Udet. While under direct command of Karl Franke she soon became a major test pilot on the Junkers Ju 87 Stuka and Dornier Do 17 projects, as well as one of the few to fly the new Focke-Achgelis Fa 61, the world's first fully controllable helicopter. Her flying and her photogenic qualities made her a star of the Nazi party, always looking for publicity, and in 1938 she flew the Fa 61 every night inside the "Deutschlandhalle" at the Berlin Motor Show.

 

Early guidance and stabilization problems of the V-1 Flying Bomb were finally resolved by a daring test flight by Reitsch in a V-1 modified for manned operation. The V-1 was dropped from a Heinkel He 111 bomber. The data she brought back after fighting the unwieldy V-1 down to a successful landing enabled the engineers to devise the stabilization system. The idea of a piloted V-1 as a suicide weapon sprang from this mission (see Selbstopfer).

 

As the war progressed, Reitsch was invited to fly many of Germany's latest (and increasingly desperate) designs, including the rocket-propelled Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet, and several larger bombers on which she tested various mechanisms for cutting barrage balloon cables. After crashing on her fifth Me 163 flight, she was badly injured but insisted on writing her report before falling unconscious and spending five months in hospital. Eventually she became Adolf Hitler's favourite pilot. Reitsch was one of only two women awarded the Iron Cross First Class during World War II, and the only woman awarded the Luftwaffe Combined Pilot and Observer Badge with Diamonds. She survived many accidents and was badly injured several times.

 

In the last days of the war, Reitsch was asked to fly her companion, Colonel-General Robert Ritter von Greim, into Berlin to meet with Hitler, who promoted von Greim to Goering's position over the defunct Luftwaffe. The city was already surrounded by Red Army troops who had made significant progress into the downtown area when they arrived on the April 26, landing near the Brandenburg Gate, and traveled to the Führerbunker. The aircraft she used was the justly famous Fieseler Fi 156 Storch which was already well known for the escape of Mussolini. She is said to have overheard Hitler laying out plans for Nazi commanders to join together in mass suicide when it was obvious that the war was over. She also hoped to fly out propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels' six children, who had been staying in the bunker since April 22 with their parents, but neither Joseph nor Magda Goebbels would allow it. She escaped Berlin on 29 April by flying out through heavy Soviet anti-aircraft fire with von Greim possessing Hitler's last will and testament and other important Third Reich legal papers.

 

Reitsch was a devoted and idealistic Nazi, who adored Adolf Hitler and refused to believe the reports of concentration camps and torture. Not until much later would she say that she had been "disgusted" by what she witnessed in the Third Reich. She was held for eighteen months by the American military after the war, during which time she was interrogated and then released. Her parents died during expulsion from their hometown Hirschberg by the Polish during the last days of the war. Reitsch found a new home in Frankfurt am Main.

 

After the war, German citizens were forbidden from flying. A few years later, gliding was permitted. In 1952, Reitsch, the only woman to compete, won third place in the World Gliding Championships in Spain. She continued to break records including the women's altitude record (6,848 metres) and became German champion in 1955.

 

It was shortly after this that Reitsch was interviewed on film, and there she discussed her memoirs of wartime flight testing. Some excerpts of these films have been re-broadcast in various television shows. They remain the authoritative guides to piloting and flight performance of the Fa 61, Me 262 and Me 163.

 

In 1959, Reitsch was invited to India by the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in order to establish a gliding centre. In 1961, she was invited by US President John F. Kennedy to the White House.

 

At the request of its president, Kwame Nkrumah, Reitsch lived in Ghana from 1962 to 1966, where she founded and ran the national gliding school. In the 1970s, she returned to break many gliding records in several categories, including the Women's Out and Return World Record in 1976 (715 km) and, in 1979, the Women's Out & Return World Record (802 km) flown on the Appalachian Ridges in the United States.

 

Reitsch was interviewed and photographed several times in the early 1970s in Germany by American investigative photo journalist Ron Laytner. At the end of her last interview, Reitsch told Laytner:

 

And what have we now in Germany? A land of bankers and car-makers. Even our great army has gone soft. Soldiers wear beards and question orders. I am not ashamed to say I believed in National Socialism. I still wear the Iron Cross with diamonds Hitler gave me. But today in all Germany you can’t find a single person who voted Adolf Hitler into power. Many Germans feel guilty about the war. But they don't explain the real guilt we share – that we lost

 

In 1979, aged 67, Reitsch died in Frankfurt from a heart attack.

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Ma sicuro di aver fatto giuramento a "IPPOCRATE" ?? O non ad un storico ??

 

Grazie Kashin per i tuoi complimenti, anche nelle precedenti occasioni... complimenti che in realtà non merito molto, ho solo fatto un copia-incolla con del materiale recuperato in rete... comunque il tuo interesse per i miei piccoli contributi mi onora profondamente.... :s10:

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